High pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH) and ceramic metal halide (CMH or LEC) HID lamps cannot be connected directly to a power socket, they wou ...

Regardless of their technology, lamps irradiate light in all directions. It would not be possible to redirect all the light to the area where the plan ...

One of the main problems of crop growing indoors, or in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) with limited light availability, is the correct choic ...